Cold storage refers to storing cryptocurrency on a place where the private key cannot be accessed via the internet. This can be done on a hardware wallet, paper wallet or software wallet in an offline environment.
Blockchain is most simply defined as a decentralized, distributed ledger technology that records the provenance of a digital asset.
With digital currency, there is a risk that the holder could make a copy of the digital token and send it to a merchant or another party while retaining the original.
An altcoin is any cryptocurrency or token created after the Bitcoin was developed.
2 Factor Authentication is a double layer security measure. Most crypto exchanges use it. In order to log in, you not only need to enter a password, but also a code that you receive from the Google authenticator for example.
Bounties are simple tasks of jobs by the team behind a coin. These can be as simple as joining a Telegram channel or by (re)tweeting. It could also be a bit more difficult like a translation job for example. The participants receive rewards in the form of coins in exchange for completing these bounties.